Fisheries Organizations in Bangladesh Sunday, October 4, 2009

INTRODUCTION

Bangladesh is fortunate enough having an extensive and huge water resources scattered all over the country in the form of small ponds, beels (natural depressions), lakes, canals, haors, baors, small and large rivers and estuaries covering an area of about 4.34 million ha. Fisheries sector of Bangladesh, thus, becomes highly diversified in resource types and species. There are about 735 species of fish and 48 species of shrimp available in the fresh and marine waters of Bangladesh. Fish and fisheries resources play a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country. The fisheries sector contributes about 63% of the national animal protein intake, 5.24% to GDP, 5.3% to our national income and 12% of the total foreign exchange earnings of Bangladesh. This sector provides full-time and part-time employment facilities to about 13 million people. This sector is the second
largest export industry in Bangladesh (DoF, 2003).

The country earns about Tk.2032.75 crore through exporting the fish and fishery products (DoF, 2002). But in the context of world wide production, the production of the fishery products in Bangladesh is not appreciable. This is because of the lack of technology and trained manpower which are the major constraints to both fresh and brackish water aquaculture development and management. Although the geographical configuration and climatical conditions indicate tremendous potential for fisheries development and management in Bangladesh, the total fish production in the inland waters is not appreciable for many reasons. As a result, a greater amount of daily protein requirement that comes from fish, decreasing day by day. On the other hand, man's dependencies on aquatic resources are increasing day by day as the population increases.

Considering the importance of fish and fishery products many organizations and institutions have been established directly either by our government or some non-government organizations. These organizations or institutes have been working for the development and management of our vast aquatic resources.

LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS OR INSTITUTIONS

The different organizations involved in fisheries management, conservation, production, education, research and extension are the followings:

1) The Government Organizations or Institutions (Table 1)

1. Department of Fisheries (DoF)
   
2. Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC)
   
3. Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI)
   
4. Different Fisheries Academies
   
5. Different Universities offering fisheries education
   

2) Supporting Organizations

1. Different commercial banks providing fisheries/aquacultural credits
   
2. Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock
   
3. Ministry of Land
   
4. Ministry of Local Government
   
5. Ministry of Irrigation, Water Development and Flood
   
6. Ministry of Educstion
   
7. Ministry of Commerce
   
8. Ministry of Industry
   
9. Ministry of Sports and Youth Development
   
10. Ministry of Planning
    
11. Ministry of Finance
    
12. Ministry of Shipping and
    
13. Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    

3) The Non-Government Organizations

1. Different commercial banks providing fisheries/aquacultural credits.
   
2. Different NGOs having fisheries/aquaculture programs
   

Table 1: Government agencies involved in fisheries management and conservation

Ministry	Institution	Activities
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL)	Department of Fisheries (DoF)	Administration, management, development, extension and training
	Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC)	Training, production and marketing
	Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI)	Research and training
Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives	Rural Development Board	Fisheries components of integrated rural development
	Directorate of Co-operatives	Registration and Supervision of fishermen co-operatives
	Bangladesh Jatiya Matshyajibi Samabay Samiti (BJMSS)	Development of fishermen co-operation of ice plants and import of gears
	Bangladesh Samabay Bank Ltd.	Financing fishermen's co-operatives
	Upazila Administration	Management of water bodies less than 20 ha.
Land	Land Administration and Land Reform Division	Leasing of public water bodies
Irrigation, Water Development and Flood	Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)	Leasing of reservoirs and irrigation canals
Commerce	Department of Commerce	Leasing of fish processing plants
	Export Promotion Bureau	Export promotion of shrimp, fish and fisheries products
Industry	Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation	Processing of shrimp and fish
Shipping	Mercantile Marine Department	Registration of fishing boats
Education	Universities and colleges	Higher fisheries education
Sports and Youth Development	Youth Development and Training Center	Education and training
Finance	External Resource Division	Administration of external aid on fisheries
	Commercial Banks	Credits or loan for fish culture
Planning	Fisheries Section	Planning and overall co-operation of all development activities on fisheries
Foreign Affairs	-	Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) negotiation

(Source: MoFL, 1995)

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES (DoF)

Introduction

The creation of a Fisheries Department for administration and management purposes in Bangladesh, dates back to the turn of the last century during the British rule. It was then redesignated as Directorate of Fisheries (DOF) in 1947, having mixed fortunes in its hierarchical status within the government agencies during the Pakistan period (1947-71) and the post-independence years (FAO, 1985). Very recently, when fisheries became a part of the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), the DOF was relegated to share a Division with livestock in the Ministry. However, since the latest organization of the government agencies (1985) the Directorate is now placed separately under the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL). Its main responsibilities include administration, management, development, extension and training. There are two other organizations that work under the administrative umbrella of the MoFL. These are the Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC) and the Fisheries Research Institute (FRI). However, the principal organization responsible for fisheries development and management is currently the Department of Fisheries (DOF) with marine and inland wings in four administrative divisions.

In addition, several other government agencies and government bodies like the Ministry of Local Government, rural Development and Cooperatives; the Ministry of Lands; the Ministry of Irrigation; Water Development and Flood Control with the help of their affiliated institutions are actively involved in fisheries administration, management and development.

Mandate of the DoF

• Transfer of Technology
  
  • Dissemination of modern technology on Aquaculture, Fishery management and hatchery operation etc.
    
  • Training and advisory services to the people on Aquaculture and management.
    
  • Render advisory services to provide credit on fisheries.
    

  
  

• Conservation of Fisheries Resources
  
  • Enhancement of fisheries through conservation and management of fisheries resources.
    
  • Enforcement of fisheries Rules, Regulations etc.
    
• Quality Control of Fish and Fisheries Products
  
  • Ensure quality of fish and fishery products and issuance of health certificate of exportable fish products.
    
  • Enforcement of Fish and Fishery products (Inspection and Quality Control) Rules.
    

D. Others

• Advising the Government in formulating policies related to fisheries.
  
• Collection of data on fisheries and its compilation, editing and publication.
  
• Plan formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of Fisheries Development Projects.
  
• Poverty alleviation through fisheries activities.
  

  (Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)
  

Activities of DoF

• Fisheries Extension Service
  

  In the recent past, several development projects of Dof have been launched with strong extension and institutional strengthening components for both carp and shrimp culture. Different approaches and strategies of aquaculture have been adopted under different projects. DoF has engaged a number of NGO's in extension activities under some of its projects. Extension efforts of DoF both in revenue as well as development set-up are still inadequate. Extension services include technical advice on all sorts of aquaculture and related activities, publication and distribution (Free of Cost) of booklets, posters, leaflets etc.
  

  There is a need to strengthen DOF's capability to cater the service to the private sector in aquaculture production and marketing.
  

• Training
  
• To provide training to Fisheries personnel and aquaculturists, marginal farmers, un-employed youths and women is one of the mandates of the Department of Fisheries.
  
• To ensure the direct participation of the fishermen for the maximum utilization of inland fisheries resources and to enjoy the whole benefit by them New Fisheries Management Policy was adopted in 1986 by the Government.
  
• Fisheries credit facilities
  

  Several credit programs were launched by the Government of facilitate fisheries activities at private. Some of these are:
  

• Credit programs for private aquaculture (since 1978).
  
• Collateral free credit program for aquaculture under Aquaculture Extension Project in Mymensingh (since 1988-89).
  
• From different development projects
  
• 
  
• Fisheries act, ordinance, rules etc.
  

  DoF made some act, rules and regulations to manage and conserve the aquatic resources. Among these rules, the followings are mentionable:
  

• The Private Fisheries Protection Act, 1889.
  
• The Tank Improvement Act, 1939.
  
• The Bangladesh (the then East Bengal) Protection and Conservation of Fish Act, 1950.
  
• The Bangladesh (the then East Pakistan) Fisheries Development Corporation Ordinance, 1964.
  
• The Marine Fisheries Ordinance, 1983.
  
• The Fish and Fish Products (Inspection and quality control) Ordinance, 1983
  

  (Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)
  

  
  

Table 2: Projects Undertaken by DoF during 2003-2004 (Source: DoF, 2003)

Serial No.	Name of the Projects	Implementation Period	Funding Organization
1.	Extension of fish culture in Patuakhali and Barguna districts	01.07.1994 to 30.06.2004	DANIDA
2.	Extension of fish culture in greater Noakhali district	01.07.1994 to 30.06.2005	DANIDA
3.	Assistance for extension of penaeid shrimp hatchery development and culture technology	01.07.1998 to 30.06.2004	-
4.	Extension of freshwater prawn culture technology	01.07.1997 to 30.06.2004	-
5.	Fourth Fisheries Project	01.04.1999 to 30.06.2004	IDA/DFID/DEF
	i) Part of DoF		Do
	ii) Part of BWDB		Do
6.	Fish Culture Development Project (IFAD)	01.07.1998 to 30.06.2005	IFAD/FAO
	i) Part of DoF		Do
	ii) Part of LGED		Do
7.	Fish culture development in the Jaboi beel of Sapahar Thana under Nawga district	01.07.1999 to 30.06.2004
8.	Poverty alleviation through integrated fisheries activities (2nd phase)	01.07.1999 to 30.06.2004
9.	Fisheries resource development of open and closed Jalmahals which are included in the new Jalmahal rules and regulations	01.12.1999 to 30.11.2003
10.	Extension of fish culture in Mymensingh (consolidated phase)	01.07.2000 to 30.12.2003	DANIDA
11.	Extension of fish culture up to Upazila level (2nd phase)	01.07.2000 to 30.06.2005
12.	Extension of fish culture in the hilly water bodies of Chittagong district	01.07.2000 to 30.06.2005
13.	Establishment of brood bank	01.07.2000 to 30.06.2004
14.	Fish culture development and management of chara and beels in the western region of Bangladesh	01.01.2001 to 31.01.2005
15.	Fisheries resource development and management of the south-western region (3rd phase)	01.07.2002 to 30.06.2005
16.	Assistance in funding for Match activities	01.07.2002 to 30.06.2005	USAID
17.	Shrimp culture improvement activities	01.07.1999 to 30.06.2003	France
18.	Empowerment of coastal fishing community for livelihood security	01.07.200 to 30.06.2004	FAO/UNDP
19.	Community based fisheries management (2nd phase)	01.07.2001 to 30.06.2006	DFID/IClARM
20.	Reformation of fish habitats of inland open waters	July 2003 to June 2006
21.	Fisheries resource development in small water bodies	July 2003 to June 2006
22.	Development of socio-economic conditions of marine small fishermen	July 2003 to June 2006
23.	Extension of integrated culture of carps and freshwater prawn in inland pond waters	July 2003 to June 2006
24.	Extension of fish assistance up to union level	July 2003 to June 2006

BANGLADESH FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE (BFRI)

Introduction

Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) was established in 1984 with its first station at Mymensingh. The Institute was then named as Fisheries Research Institute (FRI). In 2001 it was decided to change the name into Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) in order to remove the confusion with Forest Research Institute (FRI). The Headquarters of the institute is situated at the Freshwater Station of the Institute, Mymensingh (MoFL, 1995). The Institute functions through the following divisions in respect of development, coordination and operation of its research program.

Research division comprises of two units, one being a program taking care of planning and monitoring of research and of statistics and socio-economic studies; and the other being the operation unit taking care of operation of the four Research Stations, the Freshwater Station (FS) at Mymensingh, the Riverine Station (RS) at Chandpur, the Brackishwater Station (BS) Paikgacha at Khulna and the Marine and Fisheries Technology Station (MFTS) at Cox's Bazar. There are two substations, Reservoir Fisheries Management sub-station, Rangamati, Flood plain Ecosystem Management sub-station, Santahar.

Activities of BFRI

• Research Division
  

  This division comprises of two units:
  

  • The program section which taking care of planning and monitoring of research and statistics and socio-economic studies
    
  • The operation unit which taking care of operation of the four reseach stations, namely, the Freshwater Station (FS) at Mymensinghm, the Riverine Station (RS) at Chandpur, the Brackishwater Station (BS) at Paickgacha of Khulna and the Marine and Fisheries Technology Station (MFTS) at Cox's Bazar.
    

  There are two sub-stations:
  

  a) Reservoir Fisheries Management Sub-station at Rangamati
  

  b) Flood Plain Ecosystem Management Sub-station at Santahar, Bogra
  

  
  

• Training and Co-ordination
  

  This division provides short-term training programs on different aspects of fish culture and technology to field level extension workers, fish farmers and relevant staff engaged in various non-government and government organizations. Besides, arrangements are periodically made for holding of seminars, workshops, symposia and academicians and conferences with a view to exchange the ideas among the planners, academicians and researchers of the country. Co-ordination of similar programs undertaken by the headquarters and the research stations is the responsibility of this division. A strong library system is under way for timely dissemination of the largest knowledge among the researchers.
  

• Support Service Division
  

This division has two units:

• The technical division with the responsibilities of engineering and procurement activities and
  
• The administration and finance section with the administrative and financial activities of the Institute
  

  (Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)
  

Table 3: Projects undertaken by Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute

Serial No.	Name of the Projects	Implementation Period	Funding Organization
1.	Research for sustainable aquaculture development	01.01.2002 to 31.07.2005	ICLARM
2.	Enforcement of fisheries research activities and dissemination of technologies	July 2003 to June 2006	-

(Source: DoF, 2003)

Table 4: Projects undertaken by Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute

Serial No.	Name of projects	Station
1.	All Bangladesh coordinated adaptive research on fish and prawn culture in different agroclimatic/physiographic regions of the country	Freshwater Station, Mymensingh
2.	Studies on the development of hatchery technology and culture system of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii	Do
3.	Breeding plan and genetic studies for stock improvement of commercially important fishes of Bangladesh	Do
4.	Development of nursery pond management methods for optimizing production of fry/fingerlings of carps	Do
5.	Development of breeding and culture technologies for endangered fish species of Bangladesh	Do
6.	Development of techniques for culture and breeding of pabda, gulsa, rajputi and nilotica	Do
7.	Breeding and culture of commercially important catfishes of Bangladesh	Do
8.	Studies on the reproductive biology and development of breeding techniques for riverine catfish, Pangasius pangasius, P. sutchi, Rita rita, Mystus aor and Silona silandia	Reverine Station, Chandpur
9.	Population dynamics and stock assessment of Hilsa in the Meghna river	Do
10.	Assessment of biological productivity and management of fisheries of Kaptai Lake	Riverine Sub-station, Rangamati
11.	Survey and assessment of shrimp fry resources of Bangladesh	Brackishwater Station, Khulna
12.	Monitoring and assessment of marine fisheries resources of Bangladesh	Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Cox's Bazar
13.	Studies on water quality management in shrimp farms and its relationship with disease

(Source: DoF, 2003)

BANGLADESH FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (BFDC)

Introduction

Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC) was established in 1964 under the Directorate of Fisheries of Pakistan. In 1985, the Directorate of Fisheries was placed separately under the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL). Its main responsibilities include administration, management, development, extension and training. There are three organizations that work under the administrative umbrella of the MoFL. These are the Department of Fisheries (DoF), the Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC) and the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI).

Activities of BFDC

1. Take measure for the development of fisheries and fishing industry

2. Establish fishing industries

3. Establish units for preservation, processing, distribution and marketing of fish and fishery products

4. Acquire, hold and dispose of fishing crafts

5. Undertake surveys and investigation for fisheries resources

6. Establish fish catching unit to build up organized body for fisheries exploitation

7. Lend fisheries industry and fishermen co-operative committee

8. Encourage fishermen co-operative society

9. Take measure and establishment of training and research institute for fisheries resources exploitation, processing, transportation, storing and distribution

10. Establish organization for fish and fisheries products export

(Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)

FISHERIES ACADEMY

Role of Different Fisheries Academies

Table 5: List of fisheries academy, their location and role

Academy	Location	Role
Marine Fisheries Academy	Chittagong, BFDC	Training on Marine Fisheries including Navigation, Marine Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Refrigeration Engineering, Radio Engineering and Operation, Trawler Operation, Fish Processing and Boatmen Training, etc.
Fisheries Training Academy	Savar, Dhaka	Provides administrative and technological training to the staff of the DoF
Fisheries Extension and Training Center	Faridpur	Fish culture and fisheries management
Fisheries Training Institute	Chandpur	In-service training on the fish culture, management and administration for fisheries officers
Fish Hatchery and Training Center	Raipur	Fish culture and hatchery technology

(Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)

Table 6: Project undertaken by Marine Fisheries Academy

Serial No.	Name of the Projects	Implementation Period	Funding Organization
1.	Empowerment of Marine Fisheries Academy	July 2003 to June 2005	-

(Source: DoF, 2003)

UNIVERSITIES

Role of Different Universities

1. Bangladesh Agricultural University
   

   The Bangladesh Agricultural University at Mymensingh, there is a full-fledged faculty of Fisheries which proves formal curriculum in the field of inland and marine fisheries, which include biology culture, processing, nutrition, disease, engineering, extension, economics, etc. Of the inland and marine fisheries presently the faculty has 3 Department. One research station at Potenga. One aquaculture experimental farm. The faculty has linkage with different foreign Universities, UK under ODA programme. The following researches are available:
   

   i) Studies and improved production, processing, transportation and handling
   

   of shrimp and their cost benefits at farm level
   

   ii) Identification, characterization and control of disease of shrimp and prawn in
   

   Bangladesh
   

2. Khulna University

The Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology (FMRT, then Marine Biology) Discipline was established in 1992 with a mandate to establish an avenue for research and academic programs in all aspects of fisheries. The University has started its programme of higher education through launching MS Programme in this Discipline.

3. Chittagong University

This University has an Institute of Marine Science (IMS). This Institute is used to

cover courses particularly in Marine Fisheries. However, The Institute can hardly

manage facilities for meaningful fisheries activities.

4. Dhaka University

The University of Dhaka continued with fisheries as a special group under the Department of Zoology and the Department of Aquaculture. The course curriculum of the Department of Aquaculture is similar to those of other Universities.

5. Rajshahi University

The University of Rajshahi has also started a special group for Fisheries under

the Department of Zoology and the Department of Aquaculture.

Beside the above Universities, the Department of Zoology of Jahangirnagar University and the Begum Zebunnesa Fisheries College of Jamalpur have courses on Fisheries.

(Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)

COMMERCIAL BANKS

List of Commercial Banks

1. Bangladesh Krishi Bank

2. Sonali Bank

3. Agrani Bank

4. Janata Bank

5. Rupali Bank

6. Samabay Bank

7. Karmosangsthan Bank

8. Islami Bank Ltd.

9. Arab Bangladesh Bank Ltd.

10. Prime Bank, etc

Role of Different Commercial Banks

As the population increases consumption rate is also increasing, but in comparison to fish production it is decreasing due to several factors. To address the issue, different banks of the country have taken step through various schemes with the aim of increasing fish production in a sustainable manner alleviating poverty by increasing employment opportunities, earning foreign exchange and improving socio-economic conditions of fisheries and fish farmers. Considering the importance of fisheries sector the banks are playing vital role in the development and management of fisheries, such as:

• Banks involvement in various fisheries credit program to meet the vast credit requirements of the fish farmers, fishermen, fish processors and other fisheries related activities.
  
• The concept of fisheries credit has been changed so that small scale fishermen and fish farmers are better-served.
  
• Banks lending-procedure for small loans have been made collateral free so that small fish farmers and fish farmers and fishermen get credit facilities.
  
• As far as possible small loans are administrated as group based following micro credit concepts.
  
• Interest is charged from the borrowers so that the institutions remain economically viable.
  
• Bank based credit schemes are continued to support the needs of different types of fish farmers, fishermen, fish processors and so on.
  
• Mechanisms are gradually developing so that overlapping loan operation does take place and defaulter of one bank can not get accommodation in other banks.
  
• Reward for fulfilling disbursement target and good recovery of loans side by side penalty mechanism for poor disbursement has been introduced to ensure accountability of the person concerned.
  
• Reward for food repayment and penalty for defaulter borrowers/entrepreneurs are going to be introduced.
  
• The Bank conducted a comprehensive fisheries sector review in 1991 which provided the basis to a strategy agreed with Government pf Bangladesh for developing the sector. (Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)
  

  
  

NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)

List of Different NGOs

There are many NGOs that work on fish and fisheries resources management and conservation in Bangladesh. Among them the followings are recognized by our government:

1. Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC)

2. Proshika Mannobik Unnayan Kendra

3. Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS)

4. Care International Bangladesh (CARE)

5. Caritas Bangladesh

6. Association for Social Advancement (ASA)

7. Gano Shahajya Sangstha (GSS)

8. Association of Development Agencies in Bangladesh (ADAB)

9. Mennonite Central Committee (MCC)

10. Saptagram Nari Swanirvar Parishad

11. Christian Commission for Development in Bangladesh (CCDB)

12. Friends in Village Development

13. Manabik Sahajaya Sangstha

14. Technical Assistance for Rural Development (TARD)

15. Samaj Unnayan Protesta

16. Dipshikha

17. Annayyan Mahila Samity

18. Activities for the Landless Organized with Consciousness (ALOC)

19. Bangl;adesh Nari Pragati Sangstha

20. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Neutral Resources

21. World Fish Bangladesh

22. Department For International Development (DFID)

23. South Asia Partnership- Bangladesh (SAP)

24. Nature Conservation Movement

25. Asian Wetland Bureau

26. DANIDA

27. Bangladesh Development Service Centre (BDSC).

28. National Development Foundation (NDF).

29. Society for Conservation of Nature and Environment (SCONE).

30. The Church of Bangladesh Social Development Program.

(Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)

Activities of Different NGOS

1. Mono- and polyculture of different species

2. Nursery management programme

3. Baor fisheries development and Management

4. Credits programmme

5. Extension Programmes

(Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)

Fisheries Activities of BRAC

BRAC was established on 2 February 7, 197 at sulla village under Sylhet district by Mr. Fazlay Hassan Abed, a philanthropic citizen of Bangladesh to carryout activities on human welfare and development.

Objectives of fisheries programs:

• To increase the income and employment of the targeted people.
  
• To create alternative employment opportunities.
  
• To create the availability of animal protein.
  
• To ensure proper utilization of aquatic resources.
  
• To enhance the professional skill of the people.
  
• To participate in the national economic activities.
  
• To facilitate the availability of spawn and fingerlings to the village people.
  

List of the fisheries programs of BRAC:

• Carp polyculture in perennial ponds.
  
• Carp-prawn polyculture.
  
• Sarputi culture seasonal ponds.
  
• Carp nursery program.
  
• Prawn nursery program.
  
• Carp hatchery management program (small scale).
  
• Prawn hatchery management program.
  
• Pond re-excavation program.
  
• Service charge of different fisheries program.
  
• Baor fisheries development and management.
  

  (Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)
  

Fisheries Activities of Proshika

Objectives:

• To create scope of employment and income generating opportunity for the rural and urban poor fish farmers and fisherfolks.
  
• To increase fish production and raise the nutritional status of the poor.
  
• To invent appropriate technology and implement.
  
• To increase the production of desired species to meet the requirement of fish farmers at village level.
  
• To re-excavate derelict ponds and encourage more women participation in aquaqculture.
  

Strategies:

• Organize and motivate the poor.
  
• Access and utilize open water bodies and ponds.
  
• Provide various fisheries related training to the poor.
  
• Provide technical, logistic and credit support.
  
• Access of fishermen and the rural and urban poor in both closed and open water bodies increased through building up relationship with DOF/WFP/ICLARM.
  
• Establish carp and prawn hatcheries.
  
• Establish fish nursery project.
  
• Provide technical and financial support to the group members.
  
• Ensure women's participation in all components of the programme.
  
• Providing extension service for fisheries prigramme.
  

  (Source: Chakrabarti, 1999)
  

CONCLUSION

Most of the people of our country are poor who can not develop and manage their water bodies for want of sufficient money, technologies, etc. To overcome many problems associated in fisheries sector, our government took initial step for building of different fisheries institutions or organizations. Different commercial banks and NGOs provide loans for the development and management of our water bodies. Due to several natural and man-made factors the productions from different sources are declining which cause the threat to sustainable fisheries production. Fisheries organizations or institutions find out these problems and try to solve these. These organizations or institutions provide training, credit facilities, etc. and take different projects for manpower development, management and conservation of our aquatic resources.

REFERENCES

Chakrabarti, B. K., 1999. Fisheries Institutions in Bangladesh: Their Role in Fisheries Education and Management. An undergraduate Thesis, Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. 3-37 pp.

Department of Fisheries (DoF), 2003. 12-26 August. Department of Fisheries (DoF), 30-55 pp.

Department of Fisheries (DoF), 2002. 10-24 August. Department of Fisheries (DoF), 55 p.

Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFL), 1995. National Workshop on Fisheries Resources Development and Management in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh 29 October – 1 November, 1995. 25-176 pp.

www.bangladeshgov.org/www.MoFLgov.bd